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cours/syntax, semantics, discourse 2.md

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---
up:
- "[[S2 LOGOS]]"
tags:
- s/science/linguistique
aliases:
---
- [[compositionnality]]
language meaning need to satisfy a constraint much more concrete than [[compositionnality]], namely [[incrementality]] : NL input is processed word by word :
- A The train...
- B Ah-ha
- A ...from Paris...
- B Go on
- reactions to an "abandonned utterance"
- encourage to continue :
- A John... Oh never mind
- B What about john ?
- A He's a lovely chap but a bit disconnected
- complete the sentence :
- A Bill is...
- B Yeah, don't say it, we know.
- abandoned utterance in mid-word :
- *context : A is in the kitchen searching for the always disappearing scissors*
- A Who took the sci-...
- scope ambiguity : when there are more than one QNP (quantified noun phrase)
- " every student has a supervisor
- " a supervisor manages every student
- intuitively, NPs refer to individuals or sets of individuals
- c yet there are problems
- " i saw no one
- " Who lost her notebook
- [[logique des predicats du premier ordre|first order logic]] to the rescue ?
- author:: [[Richard Montague]]
- translation into logic :
- $\text{An } N \mapsto \exists x (N'(x) \wedge \dots)$
- $\exists x P(x)$ iff there exists a witness $b$ such that $P(b)$ is true
- Every / each $\mapsto$ $\forall x$
- $\vdots$
- = A famous supervisor directs every student here.
- there are two interpretations :
- $\exists x (\operatorname{fam-sup}'(x) \wedge \forall y (\operatorname{student}(y) \to \operatorname{Direct}(x, y)))$
- $\forall y (\operatorname{student}(y) \to \exists x(\operatorname{fam-sup}'(x) \wedge \operatorname{Direct}(x, y))$
- = no player injured herself
- $\forall x (\operatorname{player}(x) \to \neg \operatorname{Injure}(x, x)$
- $\neg \exists x (\operatorname{player}(x) \wedge \operatorname{Injure}(x, x))$
-