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1342 lines
45 KiB
Markdown
1342 lines
45 KiB
Markdown
<h1 align="center">
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<b>
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<a href="https://axios-http.com"><img src="https://axios-http.com/assets/logo.svg" /></a><br>
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</b>
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</h1>
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<p align="center">Promise based HTTP client for the browser and node.js</p>
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<p align="center">
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<a href="https://axios-http.com/"><b>Website</b></a> •
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<a href="https://axios-http.com/docs/intro"><b>Documentation</b></a>
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</p>
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<div align="center">
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[](https://www.npmjs.org/package/axios)
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[](https://cdnjs.com/libraries/axios)
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[](https://github.com/axios/axios/actions/workflows/ci.yml)
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[](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/axios/axios)
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[](https://coveralls.io/r/mzabriskie/axios)
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[](https://packagephobia.now.sh/result?p=axios)
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[](https://bundlephobia.com/package/axios@latest)
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[](https://npm-stat.com/charts.html?package=axios)
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[](https://gitter.im/mzabriskie/axios)
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[](https://www.codetriage.com/axios/axios)
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[](https://snyk.io/test/npm/axios)
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</div>
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## Table of Contents
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- [Features](#features)
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- [Browser Support](#browser-support)
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- [Installing](#installing)
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- [Package manager](#package-manager)
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- [CDN](#cdn)
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- [Example](#example)
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- [Axios API](#axios-api)
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- [Request method aliases](#request-method-aliases)
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- [Concurrency 👎](#concurrency-deprecated)
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- [Creating an instance](#creating-an-instance)
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- [Instance methods](#instance-methods)
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- [Request Config](#request-config)
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- [Response Schema](#response-schema)
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- [Config Defaults](#config-defaults)
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- [Global axios defaults](#global-axios-defaults)
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- [Custom instance defaults](#custom-instance-defaults)
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- [Config order of precedence](#config-order-of-precedence)
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- [Interceptors](#interceptors)
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- [Multiple Interceptors](#multiple-interceptors)
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- [Handling Errors](#handling-errors)
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- [Cancellation](#cancellation)
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- [AbortController](#abortcontroller)
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- [CancelToken 👎](#canceltoken-deprecated)
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- [Using application/x-www-form-urlencoded format](#using-applicationx-www-form-urlencoded-format)
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- [URLSearchParams](#urlsearchparams)
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- [Query string](#query-string-older-browsers)
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- [🆕 Automatic serialization](#-automatic-serialization-to-urlsearchparams)
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- [Using multipart/form-data format](#using-multipartform-data-format)
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- [FormData](#formdata)
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- [🆕 Automatic serialization](#-automatic-serialization-to-formdata)
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- [Files Posting](#files-posting)
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- [HTML Form Posting](#-html-form-posting-browser)
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- [🆕 Progress capturing](#-progress-capturing)
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- [🆕 Rate limiting](#-progress-capturing)
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- [Semver](#semver)
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- [Promises](#promises)
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- [TypeScript](#typescript)
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- [Resources](#resources)
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- [Credits](#credits)
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- [License](#license)
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## Features
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- Make [XMLHttpRequests](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/XMLHttpRequest) from the browser
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- Make [http](https://nodejs.org/api/http.html) requests from node.js
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- Supports the [Promise](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise) API
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- Intercept request and response
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- Transform request and response data
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- Cancel requests
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- Automatic transforms for [JSON](https://www.json.org/json-en.html) data
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- 🆕 Automatic data object serialization to `multipart/form-data` and `x-www-form-urlencoded` body encodings
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- Client side support for protecting against [XSRF](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery)
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## Browser Support
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 |  |  |  |  |  |
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--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
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Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | Latest ✔ | 11 ✔ |
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[](https://saucelabs.com/u/axios)
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## Installing
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### Package manager
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Using npm:
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```bash
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$ npm install axios
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```
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Using bower:
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```bash
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$ bower install axios
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```
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Using yarn:
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```bash
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$ yarn add axios
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```
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Using pnpm:
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```bash
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$ pnpm add axios
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```
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Once the package is installed, you can import the library using `import` or `require` approach:
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```js
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import axios, {isCancel, AxiosError} from 'axios';
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```
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You can also use the default export, since the named export is just a re-export from the Axios factory:
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```js
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import axios from 'axios';
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console.log(axios.isCancel('something'));
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````
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If you use `require` for importing, **only default export is available**:
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```js
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const axios = require('axios');
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console.log(axios.isCancel('something'));
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```
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For cases where something went wrong when trying to import a module into a custom or legacy environment,
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you can try importing the module package directly:
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```js
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const axios = require('axios/dist/browser/axios.cjs'); // browser commonJS bundle (ES2017)
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// const axios = require('axios/dist/node/axios.cjs'); // node commonJS bundle (ES2017)
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```
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### CDN
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Using jsDelivr CDN (ES5 UMD browser module):
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```html
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<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/axios@1.1.2/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
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```
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Using unpkg CDN:
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```html
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<script src="https://unpkg.com/axios@1.1.2/dist/axios.min.js"></script>
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```
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## Example
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> **Note** CommonJS usage
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> In order to gain the TypeScript typings (for intellisense / autocomplete) while using CommonJS imports with `require()`, use the following approach:
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```js
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import axios from 'axios';
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//const axios = require('axios'); // legacy way
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// Make a request for a user with a given ID
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axios.get('/user?ID=12345')
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.then(function (response) {
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// handle success
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console.log(response);
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})
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.catch(function (error) {
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// handle error
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console.log(error);
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})
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.finally(function () {
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// always executed
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});
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// Optionally the request above could also be done as
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axios.get('/user', {
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params: {
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ID: 12345
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}
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})
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.then(function (response) {
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console.log(response);
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})
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.catch(function (error) {
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console.log(error);
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})
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.finally(function () {
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// always executed
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});
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// Want to use async/await? Add the `async` keyword to your outer function/method.
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async function getUser() {
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try {
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const response = await axios.get('/user?ID=12345');
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console.log(response);
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} catch (error) {
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console.error(error);
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}
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}
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```
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> **Note**: `async/await` is part of ECMAScript 2017 and is not supported in Internet
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> Explorer and older browsers, so use with caution.
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Performing a `POST` request
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```js
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axios.post('/user', {
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firstName: 'Fred',
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lastName: 'Flintstone'
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})
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.then(function (response) {
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console.log(response);
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})
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.catch(function (error) {
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console.log(error);
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});
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```
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Performing multiple concurrent requests
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```js
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function getUserAccount() {
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return axios.get('/user/12345');
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}
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function getUserPermissions() {
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return axios.get('/user/12345/permissions');
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}
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Promise.all([getUserAccount(), getUserPermissions()])
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.then(function (results) {
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const acct = results[0];
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const perm = results[1];
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});
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```
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## axios API
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Requests can be made by passing the relevant config to `axios`.
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##### axios(config)
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```js
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// Send a POST request
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axios({
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method: 'post',
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url: '/user/12345',
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data: {
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firstName: 'Fred',
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lastName: 'Flintstone'
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}
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});
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```
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```js
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// GET request for remote image in node.js
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axios({
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method: 'get',
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url: 'https://bit.ly/2mTM3nY',
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responseType: 'stream'
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})
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.then(function (response) {
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response.data.pipe(fs.createWriteStream('ada_lovelace.jpg'))
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});
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```
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##### axios(url[, config])
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```js
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// Send a GET request (default method)
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axios('/user/12345');
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```
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### Request method aliases
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For convenience, aliases have been provided for all common request methods.
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##### axios.request(config)
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##### axios.get(url[, config])
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##### axios.delete(url[, config])
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##### axios.head(url[, config])
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##### axios.options(url[, config])
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##### axios.post(url[, data[, config]])
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##### axios.put(url[, data[, config]])
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##### axios.patch(url[, data[, config]])
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###### NOTE
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When using the alias methods `url`, `method`, and `data` properties don't need to be specified in config.
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### Concurrency (Deprecated)
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Please use `Promise.all` to replace the below functions.
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Helper functions for dealing with concurrent requests.
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axios.all(iterable)
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axios.spread(callback)
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### Creating an instance
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You can create a new instance of axios with a custom config.
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##### axios.create([config])
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```js
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const instance = axios.create({
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baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
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timeout: 1000,
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headers: {'X-Custom-Header': 'foobar'}
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});
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```
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### Instance methods
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The available instance methods are listed below. The specified config will be merged with the instance config.
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##### axios#request(config)
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##### axios#get(url[, config])
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##### axios#delete(url[, config])
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##### axios#head(url[, config])
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##### axios#options(url[, config])
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##### axios#post(url[, data[, config]])
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##### axios#put(url[, data[, config]])
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##### axios#patch(url[, data[, config]])
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##### axios#getUri([config])
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## Request Config
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These are the available config options for making requests. Only the `url` is required. Requests will default to `GET` if `method` is not specified.
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```js
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{
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// `url` is the server URL that will be used for the request
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url: '/user',
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// `method` is the request method to be used when making the request
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method: 'get', // default
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// `baseURL` will be prepended to `url` unless `url` is absolute.
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// It can be convenient to set `baseURL` for an instance of axios to pass relative URLs
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// to methods of that instance.
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baseURL: 'https://some-domain.com/api/',
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// `transformRequest` allows changes to the request data before it is sent to the server
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// This is only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'PATCH' and 'DELETE'
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// The last function in the array must return a string or an instance of Buffer, ArrayBuffer,
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// FormData or Stream
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// You may modify the headers object.
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transformRequest: [function (data, headers) {
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// Do whatever you want to transform the data
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return data;
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}],
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// `transformResponse` allows changes to the response data to be made before
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// it is passed to then/catch
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transformResponse: [function (data) {
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// Do whatever you want to transform the data
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return data;
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}],
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// `headers` are custom headers to be sent
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headers: {'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'},
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// `params` are the URL parameters to be sent with the request
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// Must be a plain object or a URLSearchParams object
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params: {
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ID: 12345
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},
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// `paramsSerializer` is an optional config in charge of serializing `params`
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paramsSerializer: {
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encode?: (param: string): string => { /* Do custom ops here and return transformed string */ }, // custom encoder function; sends Key/Values in an iterative fashion
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serialize?: (params: Record<string, any>, options?: ParamsSerializerOptions ), // mimic pre 1.x behavior and send entire params object to a custom serializer func. Allows consumer to control how params are serialized.
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indexes: false // array indexes format (null - no brackets, false (default) - empty brackets, true - brackets with indexes)
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},
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// `data` is the data to be sent as the request body
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// Only applicable for request methods 'PUT', 'POST', 'DELETE , and 'PATCH'
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// When no `transformRequest` is set, must be of one of the following types:
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// - string, plain object, ArrayBuffer, ArrayBufferView, URLSearchParams
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// - Browser only: FormData, File, Blob
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// - Node only: Stream, Buffer, FormData (form-data package)
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data: {
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firstName: 'Fred'
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},
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// syntax alternative to send data into the body
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// method post
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// only the value is sent, not the key
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data: 'Country=Brasil&City=Belo Horizonte',
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// `timeout` specifies the number of milliseconds before the request times out.
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// If the request takes longer than `timeout`, the request will be aborted.
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timeout: 1000, // default is `0` (no timeout)
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// `withCredentials` indicates whether or not cross-site Access-Control requests
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// should be made using credentials
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withCredentials: false, // default
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// `adapter` allows custom handling of requests which makes testing easier.
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// Return a promise and supply a valid response (see lib/adapters/README.md).
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adapter: function (config) {
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/* ... */
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},
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// `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used, and supplies credentials.
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// This will set an `Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
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// `Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
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// Please note that only HTTP Basic auth is configurable through this parameter.
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// For Bearer tokens and such, use `Authorization` custom headers instead.
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auth: {
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username: 'janedoe',
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password: 's00pers3cret'
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},
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// `responseType` indicates the type of data that the server will respond with
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// options are: 'arraybuffer', 'document', 'json', 'text', 'stream'
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// browser only: 'blob'
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responseType: 'json', // default
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// `responseEncoding` indicates encoding to use for decoding responses (Node.js only)
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// Note: Ignored for `responseType` of 'stream' or client-side requests
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responseEncoding: 'utf8', // default
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// `xsrfCookieName` is the name of the cookie to use as a value for xsrf token
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xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN', // default
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// `xsrfHeaderName` is the name of the http header that carries the xsrf token value
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xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN', // default
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// `onUploadProgress` allows handling of progress events for uploads
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// browser & node.js
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onUploadProgress: function ({loaded, total, progress, bytes, estimated, rate, upload = true}) {
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// Do whatever you want with the Axios progress event
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},
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// `onDownloadProgress` allows handling of progress events for downloads
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// browser & node.js
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onDownloadProgress: function ({loaded, total, progress, bytes, estimated, rate, download = true}) {
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// Do whatever you want with the Axios progress event
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},
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// `maxContentLength` defines the max size of the http response content in bytes allowed in node.js
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||
maxContentLength: 2000,
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// `maxBodyLength` (Node only option) defines the max size of the http request content in bytes allowed
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maxBodyLength: 2000,
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// `validateStatus` defines whether to resolve or reject the promise for a given
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// HTTP response status code. If `validateStatus` returns `true` (or is set to `null`
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// or `undefined`), the promise will be resolved; otherwise, the promise will be
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// rejected.
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validateStatus: function (status) {
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return status >= 200 && status < 300; // default
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},
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|
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// `maxRedirects` defines the maximum number of redirects to follow in node.js.
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// If set to 0, no redirects will be followed.
|
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maxRedirects: 21, // default
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||
// `beforeRedirect` defines a function that will be called before redirect.
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// Use this to adjust the request options upon redirecting,
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// to inspect the latest response headers,
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// or to cancel the request by throwing an error
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// If maxRedirects is set to 0, `beforeRedirect` is not used.
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beforeRedirect: (options, { headers }) => {
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if (options.hostname === "example.com") {
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options.auth = "user:password";
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}
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},
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|
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// `socketPath` defines a UNIX Socket to be used in node.js.
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// e.g. '/var/run/docker.sock' to send requests to the docker daemon.
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// Only either `socketPath` or `proxy` can be specified.
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// If both are specified, `socketPath` is used.
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socketPath: null, // default
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// `transport` determines the transport method that will be used to make the request. If defined, it will be used. Otherwise, if `maxRedirects` is 0, the default `http` or `https` library will be used, depending on the protocol specified in `protocol`. Otherwise, the `httpFollow` or `httpsFollow` library will be used, again depending on the protocol, which can handle redirects.
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transport: undefined, // default
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// `httpAgent` and `httpsAgent` define a custom agent to be used when performing http
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||
// and https requests, respectively, in node.js. This allows options to be added like
|
||
// `keepAlive` that are not enabled by default.
|
||
httpAgent: new http.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
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||
httpsAgent: new https.Agent({ keepAlive: true }),
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|
||
// `proxy` defines the hostname, port, and protocol of the proxy server.
|
||
// You can also define your proxy using the conventional `http_proxy` and
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||
// `https_proxy` environment variables. If you are using environment variables
|
||
// for your proxy configuration, you can also define a `no_proxy` environment
|
||
// variable as a comma-separated list of domains that should not be proxied.
|
||
// Use `false` to disable proxies, ignoring environment variables.
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||
// `auth` indicates that HTTP Basic auth should be used to connect to the proxy, and
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||
// supplies credentials.
|
||
// This will set an `Proxy-Authorization` header, overwriting any existing
|
||
// `Proxy-Authorization` custom headers you have set using `headers`.
|
||
// If the proxy server uses HTTPS, then you must set the protocol to `https`.
|
||
proxy: {
|
||
protocol: 'https',
|
||
host: '127.0.0.1',
|
||
// hostname: '127.0.0.1' // Takes precedence over 'host' if both are defined
|
||
port: 9000,
|
||
auth: {
|
||
username: 'mikeymike',
|
||
password: 'rapunz3l'
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
// `cancelToken` specifies a cancel token that can be used to cancel the request
|
||
// (see Cancellation section below for details)
|
||
cancelToken: new CancelToken(function (cancel) {
|
||
}),
|
||
|
||
// an alternative way to cancel Axios requests using AbortController
|
||
signal: new AbortController().signal,
|
||
|
||
// `decompress` indicates whether or not the response body should be decompressed
|
||
// automatically. If set to `true` will also remove the 'content-encoding' header
|
||
// from the responses objects of all decompressed responses
|
||
// - Node only (XHR cannot turn off decompression)
|
||
decompress: true // default
|
||
|
||
// `insecureHTTPParser` boolean.
|
||
// Indicates where to use an insecure HTTP parser that accepts invalid HTTP headers.
|
||
// This may allow interoperability with non-conformant HTTP implementations.
|
||
// Using the insecure parser should be avoided.
|
||
// see options https://nodejs.org/dist/latest-v12.x/docs/api/http.html#http_http_request_url_options_callback
|
||
// see also https://nodejs.org/en/blog/vulnerability/february-2020-security-releases/#strict-http-header-parsing-none
|
||
insecureHTTPParser: undefined // default
|
||
|
||
// transitional options for backward compatibility that may be removed in the newer versions
|
||
transitional: {
|
||
// silent JSON parsing mode
|
||
// `true` - ignore JSON parsing errors and set response.data to null if parsing failed (old behaviour)
|
||
// `false` - throw SyntaxError if JSON parsing failed (Note: responseType must be set to 'json')
|
||
silentJSONParsing: true, // default value for the current Axios version
|
||
|
||
// try to parse the response string as JSON even if `responseType` is not 'json'
|
||
forcedJSONParsing: true,
|
||
|
||
// throw ETIMEDOUT error instead of generic ECONNABORTED on request timeouts
|
||
clarifyTimeoutError: false,
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
env: {
|
||
// The FormData class to be used to automatically serialize the payload into a FormData object
|
||
FormData: window?.FormData || global?.FormData
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
formSerializer: {
|
||
visitor: (value, key, path, helpers) => {}; // custom visitor function to serialize form values
|
||
dots: boolean; // use dots instead of brackets format
|
||
metaTokens: boolean; // keep special endings like {} in parameter key
|
||
indexes: boolean; // array indexes format null - no brackets, false - empty brackets, true - brackets with indexes
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
// http adapter only (node.js)
|
||
maxRate: [
|
||
100 * 1024, // 100KB/s upload limit,
|
||
100 * 1024 // 100KB/s download limit
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Response Schema
|
||
|
||
The response for a request contains the following information.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
{
|
||
// `data` is the response that was provided by the server
|
||
data: {},
|
||
|
||
// `status` is the HTTP status code from the server response
|
||
status: 200,
|
||
|
||
// `statusText` is the HTTP status message from the server response
|
||
statusText: 'OK',
|
||
|
||
// `headers` the HTTP headers that the server responded with
|
||
// All header names are lowercase and can be accessed using the bracket notation.
|
||
// Example: `response.headers['content-type']`
|
||
headers: {},
|
||
|
||
// `config` is the config that was provided to `axios` for the request
|
||
config: {},
|
||
|
||
// `request` is the request that generated this response
|
||
// It is the last ClientRequest instance in node.js (in redirects)
|
||
// and an XMLHttpRequest instance in the browser
|
||
request: {}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
When using `then`, you will receive the response as follows:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
axios.get('/user/12345')
|
||
.then(function (response) {
|
||
console.log(response.data);
|
||
console.log(response.status);
|
||
console.log(response.statusText);
|
||
console.log(response.headers);
|
||
console.log(response.config);
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
When using `catch`, or passing a [rejection callback](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise/then) as second parameter of `then`, the response will be available through the `error` object as explained in the [Handling Errors](#handling-errors) section.
|
||
|
||
## Config Defaults
|
||
|
||
You can specify config defaults that will be applied to every request.
|
||
|
||
### Global axios defaults
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
axios.defaults.baseURL = 'https://api.example.com';
|
||
|
||
// Important: If axios is used with multiple domains, the AUTH_TOKEN will be sent to all of them.
|
||
// See below for an example using Custom instance defaults instead.
|
||
axios.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
|
||
|
||
axios.defaults.headers.post['Content-Type'] = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded';
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Custom instance defaults
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
// Set config defaults when creating the instance
|
||
const instance = axios.create({
|
||
baseURL: 'https://api.example.com'
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
// Alter defaults after instance has been created
|
||
instance.defaults.headers.common['Authorization'] = AUTH_TOKEN;
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Config order of precedence
|
||
|
||
Config will be merged with an order of precedence. The order is library defaults found in [lib/defaults.js](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/master/lib/defaults/index.js#L28), then `defaults` property of the instance, and finally `config` argument for the request. The latter will take precedence over the former. Here's an example.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
// Create an instance using the config defaults provided by the library
|
||
// At this point the timeout config value is `0` as is the default for the library
|
||
const instance = axios.create();
|
||
|
||
// Override timeout default for the library
|
||
// Now all requests using this instance will wait 2.5 seconds before timing out
|
||
instance.defaults.timeout = 2500;
|
||
|
||
// Override timeout for this request as it's known to take a long time
|
||
instance.get('/longRequest', {
|
||
timeout: 5000
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Interceptors
|
||
|
||
You can intercept requests or responses before they are handled by `then` or `catch`.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
// Add a request interceptor
|
||
axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
|
||
// Do something before request is sent
|
||
return config;
|
||
}, function (error) {
|
||
// Do something with request error
|
||
return Promise.reject(error);
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
// Add a response interceptor
|
||
axios.interceptors.response.use(function (response) {
|
||
// Any status code that lie within the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
|
||
// Do something with response data
|
||
return response;
|
||
}, function (error) {
|
||
// Any status codes that falls outside the range of 2xx cause this function to trigger
|
||
// Do something with response error
|
||
return Promise.reject(error);
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If you need to remove an interceptor later you can.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const myInterceptor = axios.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
|
||
axios.interceptors.request.eject(myInterceptor);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
You can also clear all interceptors for requests or responses.
|
||
```js
|
||
const instance = axios.create();
|
||
instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
|
||
instance.interceptors.request.clear(); // Removes interceptors from requests
|
||
instance.interceptors.response.use(function () {/*...*/});
|
||
instance.interceptors.response.clear(); // Removes interceptors from responses
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
You can add interceptors to a custom instance of axios.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const instance = axios.create();
|
||
instance.interceptors.request.use(function () {/*...*/});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
When you add request interceptors, they are presumed to be asynchronous by default. This can cause a delay
|
||
in the execution of your axios request when the main thread is blocked (a promise is created under the hood for
|
||
the interceptor and your request gets put on the bottom of the call stack). If your request interceptors are synchronous you can add a flag
|
||
to the options object that will tell axios to run the code synchronously and avoid any delays in request execution.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
|
||
config.headers.test = 'I am only a header!';
|
||
return config;
|
||
}, null, { synchronous: true });
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
If you want to execute a particular interceptor based on a runtime check,
|
||
you can add a `runWhen` function to the options object. The interceptor will not be executed **if and only if** the return
|
||
of `runWhen` is `false`. The function will be called with the config
|
||
object (don't forget that you can bind your own arguments to it as well.) This can be handy when you have an
|
||
asynchronous request interceptor that only needs to run at certain times.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
function onGetCall(config) {
|
||
return config.method === 'get';
|
||
}
|
||
axios.interceptors.request.use(function (config) {
|
||
config.headers.test = 'special get headers';
|
||
return config;
|
||
}, null, { runWhen: onGetCall });
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Multiple Interceptors
|
||
|
||
Given you add multiple response interceptors
|
||
and when the response was fulfilled
|
||
- then each interceptor is executed
|
||
- then they are executed in the order they were added
|
||
- then only the last interceptor's result is returned
|
||
- then every interceptor receives the result of its predecessor
|
||
- and when the fulfillment-interceptor throws
|
||
- then the following fulfillment-interceptor is not called
|
||
- then the following rejection-interceptor is called
|
||
- once caught, another following fulfill-interceptor is called again (just like in a promise chain).
|
||
|
||
Read [the interceptor tests](./test/specs/interceptors.spec.js) for seeing all this in code.
|
||
|
||
## Error Types
|
||
|
||
There are many different axios error messages that can appear that can provide basic information about the specifics of the error and where opportunities may lie in debugging.
|
||
|
||
The general structure of axios errors is as follows:
|
||
| Property | Definition |
|
||
| -------- | ---------- |
|
||
| message | A quick summary of the error message and the status it failed with. |
|
||
| name | This defines where the error originated from. For axios, it will always be an 'AxiosError'. |
|
||
| stack | Provides the stack trace of the error. |
|
||
| config | An axios config object with specific instance configurations defined by the user from when the request was made |
|
||
| code | Represents an axios identified error. The table below lists out specific definitions for internal axios error. |
|
||
| status | HTTP response status code. See [here](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_HTTP_status_codes) for common HTTP response status code meanings.
|
||
|
||
Below is a list of potential axios identified error
|
||
| Code | Definition |
|
||
| -------- | ---------- |
|
||
| ERR_BAD_OPTION_VALUE | Invalid or unsupported value provided in axios configuration. |
|
||
| ERR_BAD_OPTION | Invalid option provided in axios configuration. |
|
||
| ECONNABORTED | Request timed out due to exceeding timeout specified in axios configuration. |
|
||
| ETIMEDOUT | Request timed out due to exceeding default axios timelimit. |
|
||
| ERR_NETWORK | Network-related issue.
|
||
| ERR_FR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS | Request is redirected too many times; exceeds max redirects specified in axios configuration.
|
||
| ERR_DEPRECATED | Deprecated feature or method used in axios.
|
||
| ERR_BAD_RESPONSE | Response cannot be parsed properly or is in an unexpected format.
|
||
| ERR_BAD_REQUEST | Requested has unexpected format or missing required parameters. |
|
||
| ERR_CANCELED | Feature or method is canceled explicitly by the user.
|
||
| ERR_NOT_SUPPORT | Feature or method not supported in the current axios environment.
|
||
| ERR_INVALID_URL | Invalid URL provided for axios request.
|
||
|
||
## Handling Errors
|
||
|
||
the default behavior is to reject every response that returns with a status code that falls out of the range of 2xx and treat it as an error.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
axios.get('/user/12345')
|
||
.catch(function (error) {
|
||
if (error.response) {
|
||
// The request was made and the server responded with a status code
|
||
// that falls out of the range of 2xx
|
||
console.log(error.response.data);
|
||
console.log(error.response.status);
|
||
console.log(error.response.headers);
|
||
} else if (error.request) {
|
||
// The request was made but no response was received
|
||
// `error.request` is an instance of XMLHttpRequest in the browser and an instance of
|
||
// http.ClientRequest in node.js
|
||
console.log(error.request);
|
||
} else {
|
||
// Something happened in setting up the request that triggered an Error
|
||
console.log('Error', error.message);
|
||
}
|
||
console.log(error.config);
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Using the `validateStatus` config option, you can override the default condition (status >= 200 && status < 300) and define HTTP code(s) that should throw an error.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
axios.get('/user/12345', {
|
||
validateStatus: function (status) {
|
||
return status < 500; // Resolve only if the status code is less than 500
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Using `toJSON` you get an object with more information about the HTTP error.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
axios.get('/user/12345')
|
||
.catch(function (error) {
|
||
console.log(error.toJSON());
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Cancellation
|
||
|
||
### AbortController
|
||
|
||
Starting from `v0.22.0` Axios supports AbortController to cancel requests in fetch API way:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const controller = new AbortController();
|
||
|
||
axios.get('/foo/bar', {
|
||
signal: controller.signal
|
||
}).then(function(response) {
|
||
//...
|
||
});
|
||
// cancel the request
|
||
controller.abort()
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### CancelToken `👎deprecated`
|
||
|
||
You can also cancel a request using a *CancelToken*.
|
||
|
||
> The axios cancel token API is based on the withdrawn [cancellable promises proposal](https://github.com/tc39/proposal-cancelable-promises).
|
||
|
||
> This API is deprecated since v0.22.0 and shouldn't be used in new projects
|
||
|
||
You can create a cancel token using the `CancelToken.source` factory as shown below:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
|
||
const source = CancelToken.source();
|
||
|
||
axios.get('/user/12345', {
|
||
cancelToken: source.token
|
||
}).catch(function (thrown) {
|
||
if (axios.isCancel(thrown)) {
|
||
console.log('Request canceled', thrown.message);
|
||
} else {
|
||
// handle error
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
axios.post('/user/12345', {
|
||
name: 'new name'
|
||
}, {
|
||
cancelToken: source.token
|
||
})
|
||
|
||
// cancel the request (the message parameter is optional)
|
||
source.cancel('Operation canceled by the user.');
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
You can also create a cancel token by passing an executor function to the `CancelToken` constructor:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const CancelToken = axios.CancelToken;
|
||
let cancel;
|
||
|
||
axios.get('/user/12345', {
|
||
cancelToken: new CancelToken(function executor(c) {
|
||
// An executor function receives a cancel function as a parameter
|
||
cancel = c;
|
||
})
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
// cancel the request
|
||
cancel();
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
> **Note:** you can cancel several requests with the same cancel token/abort controller.
|
||
> If a cancellation token is already cancelled at the moment of starting an Axios request, then the request is cancelled immediately, without any attempts to make a real request.
|
||
|
||
> During the transition period, you can use both cancellation APIs, even for the same request:
|
||
|
||
## Using `application/x-www-form-urlencoded` format
|
||
|
||
### URLSearchParams
|
||
|
||
By default, axios serializes JavaScript objects to `JSON`. To send data in the [`application/x-www-form-urlencoded` format](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods/POST) instead, you can use the [`URLSearchParams`](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URLSearchParams) API, which is [supported](http://www.caniuse.com/#feat=urlsearchparams) in the vast majority of browsers,and [ Node](https://nodejs.org/api/url.html#url_class_urlsearchparams) starting with v10 (released in 2018).
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const params = new URLSearchParams({ foo: 'bar' });
|
||
params.append('extraparam', 'value');
|
||
axios.post('/foo', params);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Query string (Older browsers)
|
||
|
||
For compatibility with very old browsers, there is a [polyfill](https://github.com/WebReflection/url-search-params) available (make sure to polyfill the global environment).
|
||
|
||
Alternatively, you can encode data using the [`qs`](https://github.com/ljharb/qs) library:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const qs = require('qs');
|
||
axios.post('/foo', qs.stringify({ 'bar': 123 }));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Or in another way (ES6),
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
import qs from 'qs';
|
||
const data = { 'bar': 123 };
|
||
const options = {
|
||
method: 'POST',
|
||
headers: { 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' },
|
||
data: qs.stringify(data),
|
||
url,
|
||
};
|
||
axios(options);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Older Node.js versions
|
||
|
||
For older Node.js engines, you can use the [`querystring`](https://nodejs.org/api/querystring.html) module as follows:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const querystring = require('querystring');
|
||
axios.post('https://something.com/', querystring.stringify({ foo: 'bar' }));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
You can also use the [`qs`](https://github.com/ljharb/qs) library.
|
||
|
||
> **Note**: The `qs` library is preferable if you need to stringify nested objects, as the `querystring` method has [known issues](https://github.com/nodejs/node-v0.x-archive/issues/1665) with that use case.
|
||
|
||
### 🆕 Automatic serialization to URLSearchParams
|
||
|
||
Axios will automatically serialize the data object to urlencoded format if the content-type header is set to "application/x-www-form-urlencoded".
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const data = {
|
||
x: 1,
|
||
arr: [1, 2, 3],
|
||
arr2: [1, [2], 3],
|
||
users: [{name: 'Peter', surname: 'Griffin'}, {name: 'Thomas', surname: 'Anderson'}],
|
||
};
|
||
|
||
await axios.postForm('https://postman-echo.com/post', data,
|
||
{headers: {'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'}}
|
||
);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The server will handle it as:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
{
|
||
x: '1',
|
||
'arr[]': [ '1', '2', '3' ],
|
||
'arr2[0]': '1',
|
||
'arr2[1][0]': '2',
|
||
'arr2[2]': '3',
|
||
'arr3[]': [ '1', '2', '3' ],
|
||
'users[0][name]': 'Peter',
|
||
'users[0][surname]': 'griffin',
|
||
'users[1][name]': 'Thomas',
|
||
'users[1][surname]': 'Anderson'
|
||
}
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
If your backend body-parser (like `body-parser` of `express.js`) supports nested objects decoding, you will get the same object on the server-side automatically
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
var app = express();
|
||
|
||
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: true })); // support encoded bodies
|
||
|
||
app.post('/', function (req, res, next) {
|
||
// echo body as JSON
|
||
res.send(JSON.stringify(req.body));
|
||
});
|
||
|
||
server = app.listen(3000);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Using `multipart/form-data` format
|
||
|
||
### FormData
|
||
|
||
To send the data as a `multipart/formdata` you need to pass a formData instance as a payload.
|
||
Setting the `Content-Type` header is not required as Axios guesses it based on the payload type.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const formData = new FormData();
|
||
formData.append('foo', 'bar');
|
||
|
||
axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', formData);
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
In node.js, you can use the [`form-data`](https://github.com/form-data/form-data) library as follows:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const FormData = require('form-data');
|
||
|
||
const form = new FormData();
|
||
form.append('my_field', 'my value');
|
||
form.append('my_buffer', new Buffer(10));
|
||
form.append('my_file', fs.createReadStream('/foo/bar.jpg'));
|
||
|
||
axios.post('https://example.com', form)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 🆕 Automatic serialization to FormData
|
||
|
||
Starting from `v0.27.0`, Axios supports automatic object serialization to a FormData object if the request `Content-Type`
|
||
header is set to `multipart/form-data`.
|
||
|
||
The following request will submit the data in a FormData format (Browser & Node.js):
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
import axios from 'axios';
|
||
|
||
axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', {x: 1}, {
|
||
headers: {
|
||
'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
|
||
}
|
||
}).then(({data}) => console.log(data));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
In the `node.js` build, the ([`form-data`](https://github.com/form-data/form-data)) polyfill is used by default.
|
||
|
||
You can overload the FormData class by setting the `env.FormData` config variable,
|
||
but you probably won't need it in most cases:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const axios = require('axios');
|
||
var FormData = require('form-data');
|
||
|
||
axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', {x: 1, buf: new Buffer(10)}, {
|
||
headers: {
|
||
'Content-Type': 'multipart/form-data'
|
||
}
|
||
}).then(({data}) => console.log(data));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Axios FormData serializer supports some special endings to perform the following operations:
|
||
|
||
- `{}` - serialize the value with JSON.stringify
|
||
- `[]` - unwrap the array-like object as separate fields with the same key
|
||
|
||
> **Note**: unwrap/expand operation will be used by default on arrays and FileList objects
|
||
|
||
FormData serializer supports additional options via `config.formSerializer: object` property to handle rare cases:
|
||
|
||
- `visitor: Function` - user-defined visitor function that will be called recursively to serialize the data object
|
||
to a `FormData` object by following custom rules.
|
||
|
||
- `dots: boolean = false` - use dot notation instead of brackets to serialize arrays and objects;
|
||
|
||
- `metaTokens: boolean = true` - add the special ending (e.g `user{}: '{"name": "John"}'`) in the FormData key.
|
||
The back-end body-parser could potentially use this meta-information to automatically parse the value as JSON.
|
||
|
||
- `indexes: null|false|true = false` - controls how indexes will be added to unwrapped keys of `flat` array-like objects
|
||
|
||
- `null` - don't add brackets (`arr: 1`, `arr: 2`, `arr: 3`)
|
||
- `false`(default) - add empty brackets (`arr[]: 1`, `arr[]: 2`, `arr[]: 3`)
|
||
- `true` - add brackets with indexes (`arr[0]: 1`, `arr[1]: 2`, `arr[2]: 3`)
|
||
|
||
Let's say we have an object like this one:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const obj = {
|
||
x: 1,
|
||
arr: [1, 2, 3],
|
||
arr2: [1, [2], 3],
|
||
users: [{name: 'Peter', surname: 'Griffin'}, {name: 'Thomas', surname: 'Anderson'}],
|
||
'obj2{}': [{x:1}]
|
||
};
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
The following steps will be executed by the Axios serializer internally:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const formData = new FormData();
|
||
formData.append('x', '1');
|
||
formData.append('arr[]', '1');
|
||
formData.append('arr[]', '2');
|
||
formData.append('arr[]', '3');
|
||
formData.append('arr2[0]', '1');
|
||
formData.append('arr2[1][0]', '2');
|
||
formData.append('arr2[2]', '3');
|
||
formData.append('users[0][name]', 'Peter');
|
||
formData.append('users[0][surname]', 'Griffin');
|
||
formData.append('users[1][name]', 'Thomas');
|
||
formData.append('users[1][surname]', 'Anderson');
|
||
formData.append('obj2{}', '[{"x":1}]');
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Axios supports the following shortcut methods: `postForm`, `putForm`, `patchForm`
|
||
which are just the corresponding http methods with the `Content-Type` header preset to `multipart/form-data`.
|
||
|
||
## Files Posting
|
||
|
||
You can easily submit a single file:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', {
|
||
'myVar' : 'foo',
|
||
'file': document.querySelector('#fileInput').files[0]
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
or multiple files as `multipart/form-data`:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', {
|
||
'files[]': document.querySelector('#fileInput').files
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`FileList` object can be passed directly:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#fileInput').files)
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
All files will be sent with the same field names: `files[]`.
|
||
|
||
## 🆕 HTML Form Posting (browser)
|
||
|
||
Pass HTML Form element as a payload to submit it as `multipart/form-data` content.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
await axios.postForm('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#htmlForm'));
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
`FormData` and `HTMLForm` objects can also be posted as `JSON` by explicitly setting the `Content-Type` header to `application/json`:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
await axios.post('https://httpbin.org/post', document.querySelector('#htmlForm'), {
|
||
headers: {
|
||
'Content-Type': 'application/json'
|
||
}
|
||
})
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
For example, the Form
|
||
|
||
```html
|
||
<form id="form">
|
||
<input type="text" name="foo" value="1">
|
||
<input type="text" name="deep.prop" value="2">
|
||
<input type="text" name="deep prop spaced" value="3">
|
||
<input type="text" name="baz" value="4">
|
||
<input type="text" name="baz" value="5">
|
||
|
||
<select name="user.age">
|
||
<option value="value1">Value 1</option>
|
||
<option value="value2" selected>Value 2</option>
|
||
<option value="value3">Value 3</option>
|
||
</select>
|
||
|
||
<input type="submit" value="Save">
|
||
</form>
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
will be submitted as the following JSON object:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
{
|
||
"foo": "1",
|
||
"deep": {
|
||
"prop": {
|
||
"spaced": "3"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"baz": [
|
||
"4",
|
||
"5"
|
||
],
|
||
"user": {
|
||
"age": "value2"
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
Sending `Blobs`/`Files` as JSON (`base64`) is not currently supported.
|
||
|
||
## 🆕 Progress capturing
|
||
|
||
Axios supports both browser and node environments to capture request upload/download progress.
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
await axios.post(url, data, {
|
||
onUploadProgress: function (axiosProgressEvent) {
|
||
/*{
|
||
loaded: number;
|
||
total?: number;
|
||
progress?: number; // in range [0..1]
|
||
bytes: number; // how many bytes have been transferred since the last trigger (delta)
|
||
estimated?: number; // estimated time in seconds
|
||
rate?: number; // upload speed in bytes
|
||
upload: true; // upload sign
|
||
}*/
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
onDownloadProgress: function (axiosProgressEvent) {
|
||
/*{
|
||
loaded: number;
|
||
total?: number;
|
||
progress?: number;
|
||
bytes: number;
|
||
estimated?: number;
|
||
rate?: number; // download speed in bytes
|
||
download: true; // download sign
|
||
}*/
|
||
}
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
You can also track stream upload/download progress in node.js:
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const {data} = await axios.post(SERVER_URL, readableStream, {
|
||
onUploadProgress: ({progress}) => {
|
||
console.log((progress * 100).toFixed(2));
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
headers: {
|
||
'Content-Length': contentLength
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
maxRedirects: 0 // avoid buffering the entire stream
|
||
});
|
||
````
|
||
|
||
> **Note:**
|
||
> Capturing FormData upload progress is currently not currently supported in node.js environments.
|
||
|
||
> **⚠️ Warning**
|
||
> It is recommended to disable redirects by setting maxRedirects: 0 to upload the stream in the **node.js** environment,
|
||
> as follow-redirects package will buffer the entire stream in RAM without following the "backpressure" algorithm.
|
||
|
||
|
||
## 🆕 Rate limiting
|
||
|
||
Download and upload rate limits can only be set for the http adapter (node.js):
|
||
|
||
```js
|
||
const {data} = await axios.post(LOCAL_SERVER_URL, myBuffer, {
|
||
onUploadProgress: ({progress, rate}) => {
|
||
console.log(`Upload [${(progress*100).toFixed(2)}%]: ${(rate / 1024).toFixed(2)}KB/s`)
|
||
},
|
||
|
||
maxRate: [100 * 1024], // 100KB/s limit
|
||
});
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Semver
|
||
|
||
Until axios reaches a `1.0` release, breaking changes will be released with a new minor version. For example `0.5.1`, and `0.5.4` will have the same API, but `0.6.0` will have breaking changes.
|
||
|
||
## Promises
|
||
|
||
axios depends on a native ES6 Promise implementation to be [supported](https://caniuse.com/promises).
|
||
If your environment doesn't support ES6 Promises, you can [polyfill](https://github.com/jakearchibald/es6-promise).
|
||
|
||
## TypeScript
|
||
|
||
axios includes [TypeScript](https://typescriptlang.org) definitions and a type guard for axios errors.
|
||
|
||
```typescript
|
||
let user: User = null;
|
||
try {
|
||
const { data } = await axios.get('/user?ID=12345');
|
||
user = data.userDetails;
|
||
} catch (error) {
|
||
if (axios.isAxiosError(error)) {
|
||
handleAxiosError(error);
|
||
} else {
|
||
handleUnexpectedError(error);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Because axios dual publishes with an ESM default export and a CJS `module.exports`, there are some caveats.
|
||
The recommended setting is to use `"moduleResolution": "node16"` (this is implied by `"module": "node16"`). Note that this requires TypeScript 4.7 or greater.
|
||
If use ESM, your settings should be fine.
|
||
If you compile TypeScript to CJS and you can’t use `"moduleResolution": "node 16"`, you have to enable `esModuleInterop`.
|
||
If you use TypeScript to type check CJS JavaScript code, your only option is to use `"moduleResolution": "node16"`.
|
||
|
||
## Online one-click setup
|
||
|
||
You can use Gitpod, an online IDE(which is free for Open Source) for contributing or running the examples online.
|
||
|
||
[](https://gitpod.io/#https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/main/examples/server.js)
|
||
|
||
|
||
## Resources
|
||
|
||
* [Changelog](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/v1.x/CHANGELOG.md)
|
||
* [Ecosystem](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/v1.x/ECOSYSTEM.md)
|
||
* [Contributing Guide](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/v1.x/CONTRIBUTING.md)
|
||
* [Code of Conduct](https://github.com/axios/axios/blob/v1.x/CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md)
|
||
|
||
## Credits
|
||
|
||
axios is heavily inspired by the [$http service](https://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng/service/$http) provided in [AngularJS](https://angularjs.org/). Ultimately axios is an effort to provide a standalone `$http`-like service for use outside of AngularJS.
|
||
|
||
## License
|
||
|
||
[MIT](LICENSE)
|