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démonstration limite (1+1÷n)*n.md
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démonstration limite (1+1÷n)*n.md
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---
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alias: [ "démonstration lim (1 + 1/n)ⁿ = e" ]
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---
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up:: [[fonction exponentielle]]
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title:: "$\displaystyle \lim\limits_{ n \to +\infty } \left( 1 + \frac{1}{n} \right)^{n} = e$"
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#maths/analyse
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---
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$$ \begin{align}
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\lim\limits_{ n \to +\infty } \left( 1+\frac{1}{n} \right) ^{n} &= \lim\limits_{ n \to +oo } e^{ n \ln \left( 1+\frac{1}{n} \right) } \\
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&= \lim\limits_{ n \to +\infty } e^{ n \times \frac{1}{n} } && \text{par équivalence : } \ln\left( 1+\tfrac{1}{n} \right) \sim \tfrac{1}{n} \\
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&&& \text{(développement limité)} \\
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&= e
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\end{align} $$
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En général, on a même : $\displaystyle \lim\limits_{ n \to +\infty } \left( 1+\frac{x}{n} \right)^{n} = e^{ x }$ :
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$$ \begin{align}
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\lim\limits_{ n \to +\infty } \left( 1+\frac{x}{n} \right) ^{n} &= \lim\limits_{ n \to +oo } e^{ n \ln \left( 1+\frac{x}{n} \right) } \\
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&= \lim\limits_{ n \to +\infty } e^{ n \times \frac{x}{n} } && \text{par équivalence : } \ln\left( 1+\tfrac{x}{n} \right) \sim \tfrac{x}{n} \\
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&&& \text{(développement limité)} \\
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&= e^{x}
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\end{align} $$
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